STAGE EFFECTS
RESOURCES

HEALTH AND SAFETY GUIDE TO SMOKE & VAPOURS:

Introduction

 

In this online information guide, ' must' denotes a legal obligation. Words such as 'do', 'should' etc are used to give advice on good practice. The guide has been written from the point of view of the staged production, but much of the advice follows rules of common sense which should also be followed by the Mobile Show Operator.

 

This information guide is one of a series produced in consultation with the Joint Advisory Committee for Broadcasting and Performing Arts. Smoke and vapour effects are used for a range of purposes within the entertainment industry. The main methods and types are briefly outlined below.

 

Dry ice When dry ice, solid carbon dioxide (CO 2), is immersed in hot water or steam, the cold gas that comes off causes the water vapour in the air to condense, creating a water mist. The effect is a heavy 'mist' that lies on the stage. A similar effect can be created using liquid nitrogen, or indeed these days, via common Ice.

 

Oil mist Oil mists are used for lighting effects, accentuating the effect of spotlights. They are produced by passing compressed air through a reservoir of highly refined mineral oil.

 

Glycol or mineral oil smoke 'Smoke guns' all work on the same principles although their size, precise method of operation and the chemical used do vary. The basic principle is that a mineral oil or glycol based substance is heated, atomising the substance. This is then forced out of the machine under pressure.

 

Pyrotechnic smoke effects Occasionally pyrotechnic smoke effects are used. They give off a range of by-products which are harmful. The storage and use of pyrotechnics is specialised and may be subject to specific legislation concerning explosives. For more guidance on the safe operation of Pyro, please see our detailed guide below. As well as that, details of where to find more specific guidance is contained in Useful reading.